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The Ferrari Mondial is an automobile that was produced by Ferrari from 1980 through 1993. It replaced the 208/308 GT4. The "Mondial" name came from Ferrari's history — the 500 Mondial race car of the early 1950s. Despite its predecessor being Bertone styled, the Mondial saw Ferrari return to Pininfarina for styling. Sold as a mid-sized coupe and, eventually a cabriolet. Conceived as a 'usable' model, offering the practicality of four seats and the performance of a Ferrari. The car had a slightly higher roofline than its stablemates, with a single long door either side, offering easy access and good interior space, reasonable rear legroom while all-round visibility was excellent. The cabriolets also hold the distinction of being the only production automobile in history that has four seats, is rear mid-engined, and is a full convertible. ==History== The Mondial, produced in fairly high numbers for a Ferrari, with more than 6,100 produced in its 13-year run, and was one of Ferrari's most commercially successful models. The car body was not built as a monocoque in the same way as a conventional car. The steel outer body was produced by the famous Italian coachbuilder Carrozzeria Scaglietti, in nearby Modena, built over a lightweight steel box-section space frame. The engine cover and rear luggage compartment lids are in light alloy. The seats and interior were trimmed in Connolly hide, contrasting with the body color. Most cars were painted rosso red, but some were black or silver, and a few were dark blue. The Mondial was the first Ferrari car where the entire engine/gearbox/rear suspension assembly is on a detachable steel subframe. This design made engine removal for a major rebuild or cylinder head removal much easier than it was on previous models. Unusually, the handbrake is situated between the driver's seat and the inner sill. Once the handbrake is set it drops down so as, not to impede egress and ingress. Instead of the conventional "H" shift pattern, the gearbox has 1st gear situated in a "dog leg" to the left and back, behind reverse. This pattern, otherwise known as a "reverse h-gate", allows quicker gear shifts between 2nd and 3rd gear, and also between 4th and 5th. The Mondial underwent many updates throughout production. There were four distinct iterations (8, QV, 3.2, and t), with the latter 3 having two variations each. (coupe and cabriolet) Starting with the 1980-1982 Mondial 8, what was intended to serve as the touring car vehicle within the Ferrari lineup, proved to be a disappointment to some Ferrari enthusiasts. Safety requirements also forced Ferrari to install large black colored bumpers that some felt was awkward in design. The automotive press at release was not unanimously critical of the Mondial 8, although retrospective articles have often relegated the Mondial 8 as being overrated. Time magazine went on to include the Mondial 8 as one of the 50 worst cars of all time. Some of the stigma bestowed upon the Mondial line can be traced to a few negative articles. A common misconception of the Mondial 8 is it was a poor performer. The three major US automotive publications (MotorTrend, Car & Driver, and Road & Track) all published reviews in the fall of 1981. Road & Track and Car & Driver yielded disappointing performance results. Road & Track's reported a faulty shifter which contributed to the poor showing. Car & Driver received a pre-production model which may have contributed to poor performance. MotorTrend's review was much more favorable and had performance on par with the 308 GTBi/GTSi and Porsche 928. There was never any definitive conclusion on the performance disparity, Automobile magazine had suggested not being broken in as being the culprit of their observed 0-60 time. (as the MotorTrend review had a fully broken in sample.) Ferrari quickly removed any doubt in performance by upgrading the engine just two years later (in 1982) with a new four-valve head. This model is known as the Mondial Quattrovalvole or QV and shared its engine with the contemporary 308 GTB/GTS QV. A new cabriolet version was also introduced which would be carried forward to the two subsequent models. These models were produced between 1982 and 1985. The Quattrovalvole was better received by the automotive press and the public, although some of the previous poor reviews for the Mondial 8 caused negative perceptions that would follow the Mondial line. The next evolution would be the Mondial 3.2, which saw the engine grow in power again and the styling refreshed. This car enjoys much popularity due to being one of the last Ferraris to have a relatively reliable and approachable maintenance, from a drivetrain common with the 328 and with additional power. Enthusiasts consider the Mondial 3.2 as the best "all around" iteration considering cost of maintenance. The final model (1989-1993) was the Mondial t. This was the biggest change for the model, with a larger 300-hp engine, a substantial update to the styling and interior ergonomics, and with a completely different powertrain layout. Many consider the Mondial t the best iteration, although at the cost of higher upkeep costs. ==Mondial 8== The Mondial was introduced as the Mondial 8 at the 1980 Geneva Auto Salon. It was the first Ferrari to depart from the company's familiar 3-digit naming scheme and some reviews found it fairly mild, relative to other Ferraris, in terms of performance, drawing criticism from some in the motoring press.〔 It used a mid/rear-mounted Bosch K-Jetronic fuel injection V8, shared with the 308 GTBi/GTSi, mounted transversely. The engine was originally used in the 1973 ''Dino'' 308 GT4. The K-Jetronic system is mechanical, with a high-pressure pump which streams fuel continuously to the injectors; it does not have a computer, just a few relays to handle the cold start sequence etc. The chassis was also based on the 308 GT4, but with a wheelbase at . The suspension was the classic layout of unequal-length double wishbones and Koni dampers all around. Today, the Mondial 8 is considered one of the marque's most "practical" vehicles, due to its 214 hp (160 kW), proven drivetrain, four seats, and relatively low cost of maintenance (major services can be performed without removing the entire engine/transmission subframe). 703 examples were made. At the time of release, the base price was $64,000 (1981) (or $167,530 in 2015 dollars.) The Mondial 8 is often the target of negative perceptions due to what many considered unworthy performance for the marque. Two of the three major US automotive publications (Road & Track, Car and Driver) yielded negative performance results that found the Mondial much slower than the 308 GTBi/GTSi Road and Track November 1981 *(Reported faulty shifter) 0-60: 9.4s 1/4 Mile: 17.1s Car and Driver November 1981 *(Pre production model) 0-60: 9.3s 1/4 Mile: 16.9s In contradistinction, Motortrend yielded better performance numbers nearing the 308 GTBi/GTSi: MotorTrend's reported ''"The Mondial is a wink or two slower than the 308...1/4 mile in the low 16s terminal speeds favor the 308 by 2 MPH"'', and concluded ''"The Mondial is not the greatest Ferrari ever issued by Maranello, but it is by no means the least".'' Motortrend November 1981 0-60: 8.2 1/4 Mile: 16.2 Mondial 8 Production started: 1980. Production ended: 1982. Total production: 703 (145 Right Hand Drive) First serial number: 31075. Last serial number: 41727. US Spec had lower HP/TQ due to emission regulations ==Mondial Quattrovalvole== The first Mondial engine, although a DOHC design, used just two valves per cylinder. The 1982 Quattrovalvole or QV introduced a new four-valve head, the combustion chamber design was purportedly based on the early eighties Formula 1 engine. Again, the engine was shared with the contemporary 308 GTB/GTS QV, and produced a much more respectable 240 hp (179 kW). Appearance was largely as per the Mondial 8, although with red engine heads and prominent "quattrovalvole" script at the rear. 1,145 coupés were built between 1982 and 1985. Mondial QV Production started: 1982. Production ended: 1984. Total production: 1,145, (152 Right Hand Drive) First serial number: 48037. Last serial number: 55343. ===Mondial Cabriolet=== A new Cabriolet bodystyle was added for 1983. Body styling remained the same as the coupé variant, with the roof maintaining the 'buttress' design of the roof, though the Cabriolet required the rear seats to be mounted closer together laterally. The introduction of the Cabriolet saw the popularity of the Mondial rise, particularly in the American market, where the convertible body style was highly desirable. The Cabriolet has the added distinction of being the only four-seat, mid-rear engine, convertible automobile ever manufactured in regular production. 629 units were produced between 1983 and 1985, making this the rarest version of the Mondial. Mondial QV Cabriolet Production started: 1983. Production ended: 1985. Total production: 629 (24 Right Hand Drive) First serial number: 47247. Last serial number: 59163. *US Versions have less HP to meet emissions standards 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Ferrari Mondial」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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